Methodology

Data Source 1: BRSR Filings

SEBI mandates the top 1,000 listed companies by market capitalisation to file a Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR) annually. Under Principle 6 (Environment), companies must disclose:

• Scope 1 GHG emissions (direct, in tCO2e)
• Scope 2 GHG emissions (indirect from purchased energy, in tCO2e)
• Emission intensity per rupee of turnover
• Emission intensity per unit of physical output (where applicable)
• Total energy consumption (renewable and non-renewable, in GJ)

Scope 3 (value chain emissions) is a "Leadership Indicator" — voluntary, not mandatory. We capture it when disclosed but never impute it.

Filings are sourced from BSE India and NSE India. Where XBRL structured data is available, we parse it directly. For PDF-only filings, we use table extraction (pdfplumber) with LLM-assisted parsing, followed by mandatory human verification against the source page.

Every data point links to its source filing and page number. Only records marked as "verified" are published.

Data Source 2: Climate TRACE

Climate TRACE (climatetrace.org) provides independent facility-level emission estimates using satellite observations, remote sensing, and AI models. We use their manufacturing sector data for steel mills, cement plants, and aluminium smelters in India.

Climate TRACE data represents Scope 1 (direct) emissions only. We match facilities to parent companies using a manually curated mapping file. Only high-confidence matches are displayed.

Climate TRACE estimates are always labeled as "independent satellite-based estimate" and presented alongside (not instead of) company disclosures. Divergences are noted neutrally — they can arise from differences in reporting boundary, methodology, or coverage.

Data Source 3: Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi)

SBTi tracks companies that have committed to or validated science-based emission reduction targets. We note which companies have SBTi-validated targets. Data is sourced from the public Companies Taking Action dashboard.

Data Source 4: CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project)

CDP runs the global disclosure system for environmental impact. Companies receive letter scores (A to D-) for climate change disclosure quality. We reference publicly available CDP scores where applicable. Notable: Tata Steel (A), JSW Steel (A), Ambuja Cements (A-), ACC (A-), Dalmia Bharat (#1 globally in cement).

Data Source 5: CEA CO2 Baseline Database

The Central Electricity Authority publishes CO2 emissions for all grid-connected power stations in India — covering 195 coal and lignite thermal plants with unit-level data. This is the government-official source for power sector emissions, updated annually. Available as free Excel download from CEA.

Data Source 6: Global Energy Monitor

GEM provides free, facility-level data on steel plants (capacity, technology, production method) and coal power stations worldwide. We use their Global Iron & Steel Tracker and Global Coal Plant Tracker for plant-level capacity and technology data. CC-BY-4.0 licensed.

Scope and Boundaries

• Sectors: Steel, cement, aluminium, power, oil & gas, and mining — covering India's major heavy industry emitters.
• Companies: Listed on BSE/NSE and filing BRSR, plus select unlisted companies with significant emissions (e.g., AMNS India, RINL).
• Time: FY 2022-23, 2023-24, 2024-25. Updated as new filings become available.
• Metrics: Scope 1, Scope 2, intensity, energy mix. No water, waste, or social metrics in v1.
• Reporting boundary: We note whether a company reports on standalone or consolidated basis. This matters for comparability.

Validation Rules

• Year-over-year swings exceeding 50% are flagged for manual review.
• Unit errors (tCO2 vs ktCO2 vs MtCO2) are the most common extraction failure — all values are cross-checked against sector norms (e.g., steel BF-BOF: ~2.0-2.7 tCO2e/tonne crude steel).
• Intensity multiplied by turnover should approximately equal total emissions — this serves as a sanity check.
• Null values stay null. We never estimate, interpolate, or fill gaps.

Corrections Policy

If you find an error in our data, please contact us. We will verify the correction against the source filing and publish the fix within 7 days. All corrections are logged in the changelog below.

What This Site Does Not Do

• We do not rate, score, or rank companies by "sustainability performance." Rankings are by disclosed emission volume only.
• We do not editorialize or characterise company behaviour.
• We do not estimate emissions where companies have not disclosed.
• We do not provide investment advice. Emissions data is one of many factors in any assessment.

Changelog